The Impact of Community Health Nursing on Malaria Prevention at Federal Medical Centre, Sokoto
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Background of the Study
Malaria remains a major public health concern in Nigeria, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality, particularly among children under five years and pregnant women (WHO, 2024). The disease, caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes, is endemic in Sokoto and other parts of Nigeria due to favorable climatic conditions (Eze et al., 2023). Despite the availability of preventive measures such as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying, and chemoprophylaxis, malaria prevalence remains high due to poor implementation of these strategies at the community level.
Community health nursing (CHN) plays a crucial role in malaria prevention through health education, early diagnosis, vector control measures, and community engagement (Akinyemi & Yusuf, 2024). Community health nurses serve as key stakeholders in primary healthcare, ensuring that individuals and families adopt effective preventive measures against malaria. They educate communities on the importance of environmental sanitation, the correct use of ITNs, and prompt treatment-seeking behaviors. Moreover, community health nursing interventions have been associated with significant reductions in malaria cases in areas where prevention efforts are consistently implemented (Olawale et al., 2023).
Federal Medical Centre, Sokoto, as a major healthcare institution in northwestern Nigeria, has been at the forefront of malaria prevention initiatives. However, there is limited research assessing the direct impact of community health nursing on malaria prevention efforts in the region. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of CHN interventions in reducing malaria prevalence in Sokoto by assessing knowledge dissemination, preventive practices, and community participation. The findings will inform policymakers and healthcare providers on strategies to enhance malaria prevention through community nursing.
Statement of the Problem
Despite government and international efforts to control malaria, Nigeria continues to report high malaria cases, particularly in rural and semi-urban communities (WHO, 2024). Community health nurses are expected to play a vital role in reducing the burden of malaria, yet their impact remains unclear due to gaps in evaluation and documentation (Okafor & Bello, 2023). In Federal Medical Centre, Sokoto, CHN-led malaria prevention programs exist, but there is little empirical evidence on their effectiveness in improving community health outcomes. Are community members adopting the recommended malaria preventive measures? What challenges do nurses face in implementing malaria prevention programs? Addressing these questions is crucial to strengthening malaria control efforts in the region.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the role of community health nursing in malaria prevention at Federal Medical Centre, Sokoto.
2. To evaluate the level of community members’ adherence to malaria prevention measures promoted by community health nurses.
3. To identify the challenges faced by community health nurses in implementing malaria prevention programs.
Research Questions
1. How does community health nursing contribute to malaria prevention at Federal Medical Centre, Sokoto?
2. What is the level of adherence of community members to malaria prevention measures?
3. What challenges do community health nurses face in malaria prevention efforts?
Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant relationship between community health nursing interventions and malaria prevention.
2. The level of adherence to malaria prevention measures is significantly influenced by health education provided by community health nurses.
3. Challenges faced by community health nurses significantly affect the effectiveness of malaria prevention programs.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on the impact of community health nursing on malaria prevention among residents receiving care at Federal Medical Centre, Sokoto. It will assess the effectiveness of CHN interventions such as health education, vector control, and community mobilization. The study will not cover other healthcare professionals' roles in malaria control. Limitations may include the reliance on self-reported data, which could introduce response bias, and difficulties in tracking malaria incidence due to external factors such as environmental conditions.
Definitions of Terms
• Community Health Nursing (CHN): A branch of nursing focused on promoting and protecting the health of populations through education and preventive care.
• Malaria Prevention: Strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of malaria, including vector control, chemoprevention, and the use of protective measures.
• Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs): Mosquito nets treated with insecticides to prevent malaria transmission.
• Vector Control: Measures used to reduce or eliminate disease-carrying insects such as mosquitoes.
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